if you can get relief from your pain, then ongoing abdominal and lower back strengthening is the key to keeping your lower back stable and as comfortable as possible.
Surgery usually isn't the thing to do unless you have a really bad ruptured disc and associated radiculopathy (pain/numbness running down your leg).
I had surgery for this problem in 2000, and I herniated out the very next year again. I now have another herniated disc. I'm not a surgical candidate as surgery would not guarantee relief.
Living with back pain SUCKS!! Your body gets used to hurting and firing those pain signals. Sadly, not much helps, lots of people think you are faking, most MDs don't like to deal with chronic pain, and everything aggravates it.
Since your problem is new, hopefully the conservative treatments mentioned above will take care of it. If not, you can choose to take pain pills or be like me and grin and bear it, ha ha! I'd rather hurt a little than be stoned out on pain pills all the time.
Man, this post is too long! Sorry, and hope your problem isn't bad!
If you have any specific questions, post them. I think I've had every treatment available for lower back pain in the last 10 years at some point. The only thing I haven't tried is accupuncture.