Glucosamine and chondroitin are normal substances found in the body of living animals. They are at their highest concentration in cartilage. Unfortunately, through degradation during digestion and processing, almost all of the glucosamine in an animal's diet is unavailable for use. The body therefore synthesizes most of its own glucosamine through a biochemical reaction utilizing glucose. In normal healthy animals the body is able to synthesizes enough glucosamine to keep the existing cartilage healthy but when the animal ages or there is damage to joint cartilage it cannot produce enough to keep up with the bodies needs. This is where a supplemental form of glucosamine is needed.
Supplemental glucosamine: Glucosamine is a 2- amino derivative of glucose which is obtained through the hydrolysis of chitin, a polysaccharide found in the shell of crustaceans. Crustaceans have a very high concentration of chitin and because the shells are often discarded provide a reliable and cost effective source of glucosamine.
Chondroitin: Cnondroitin is a naturally occurring product found in animal cartilage. Supplemental chondroitin is derived primarily from bovine (cow) cartilage, particularly the cartilage rings of the trachea. It is also derived from shark and whale cartilage. The source doesn?t appear to have any impact on its effect. Though for ecological reasons many consumers prefer bovine sources.
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How do glucosamine and chondroitin work?
Glucosamine provides the building blocks to synthesize new cartilage.
The way that glucosamine works is a very complicated process. In a nutshell, cartilage consist of several different cells one of which is chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are responsible for synthesizing new cartilage. Through normal wear, cartilage is constantly being broken down and replaced. When a dog has hip dysplasia or ages, the chondrocytes don?t have the building blocks available to them to build enough new cartilage to keep up with the breakdown of the old cartilage. Glucosamine provides the building blocks to synthesize new cartilage. Glucosamine is the building block necessary for the production of the substances called glycosaminoglycans. The glycosaminoglycans are combined with hyaluronic acid to make the substance proteoglycans. The proteoglycans and collagen are the main structures of cartilage.
Chondroitin blocks destructive enzymes that break down cartilage in the joint.
Chondroitin also is one of the products necessary for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. But it probably plays a more important role by combating and neutralizing destructive enzymes in the joint. There is always a low level of destructive enzymes found in the joint, but when injury or abnormal wear occurs, the destructive enzymes and agents increase accelerating cartilage destruction. When chondroitin is added to the diet it helps to reduce the level of these destructive enzymes.
What are the side effects?
There are very few side effects. Drs. Foster and Smith have sold tens of thousands of doses of glucosamine and chondroitin products and have never seen a single severe side effect. Glucosamine and chondroitin have been used for over 20 years in Europe without any complication or listing of side effects. Occasionally a dog will vomit or get diarrhea with this product. If the dose is reduced or given with food the symptoms are usually alleviated. Once a dog begins using the product they must stay on it for the rest of their lives or the degeneration of the joint cartilage will return. Once the product has promoted healing for 8 weeks, the dose is often reduced. The safety of this product is well suited for long term use. It can also be used with most other drugs and vitamins without any complication. The owner of any animal that is taking a medication should always seek veterinary advice before adding any new product or drug.
Where can I get glucosamine and chondroitin?
Glucosamine and chondroitin can be found in many different forms. Glucosamine in a pure form, or combined with chondroitin, can be purchased in health food stores, at veterinary clinics and in pet supply catalogs.
Not all glucosamine and chondroitin products are created equal however. The difference in various products lies in the dosing, carriers, vitamins, minerals and purity of the ingredients. Products that contain human grade glucosamine and chondroitin are much more likely to be of high quality and in a purer form. In addition to ingredients, the concentration of actual glucosamine and chondroitin vary from product to product. Products designed for dogs often have ascorbic acid or manganese to help aid in the uptake of glucosamine in the canine. Canine products may be flavored or fortified with other minerals. The most expensive product is not always the best. Compare the ingredients between products to insure that you are getting what you pay for. Some of the most popular products for canines include Drs. Foster and Smith's Joint Care, Cosequin made by Nutramax, and Glycoflex.