A newly planted zoysiagrass turf should be fertilized with a 1-2-1 or similar fertilizer at a rate of 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. of area at the time of planting. Monthly applications of nitrogen at ? to 1 pound per 1,000 sq. ft. will promote the spread of zoysiagrass.
Zoysiagrasses grow from early spring through late fall when moisture and nutrient requirements are met. Although zoysiagrass is considered to be a drought tolerant species, it ceases growth and begins to discolor during extended dry periods. To maintain growth zoysiagrass requires 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week during mid-summer, although it can survive on less than 1 inch of water per week. Water should be applied 2 to 3 times per week depending on temperatures and soil conditions. Sandy soils require more frequent irrigations than heavier clay soils; and, as temperatures increase, irrigation frequency must increase. During prolonged droughts when it is impractical to water enough to maintain growth, weekly applications of as little as 0.5 inch of water are adequate to keep the grass alive.
During dry winter months, zoysiagrass requires occasional irrigation to prevent desiccation and serious loss of stand even through the grass may be dormant.
Zoysigrass requires a moderate level of nitrogen fertilizer to maintain a dense turf. In lawn situations, 2 or 3 applications of nitrogen during the growing season will maintain turf density and color. Each application should provide about 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. of area. Applications should be made in late spring, early summer, and fall. In areas where zoysiagrass remains green year around, frequent applications of soluble nitrogen fertilizers will help maintain a green color during the cool season (usually pound of soluble nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. per month from October through March will suffice). Where zoysiagrass goes dormant during the winter, discontinue fertilization until spring.
Close, frequent mowing produces the finest zoysiagrass turf. But, most people compromise some quality for less frequent mowing. On golf courses and athletic fields, zoysiagrass should be mowed at a ? to 1 inch height every 3 to 5 days. On lawns growing in full sun, zoysiagrass may be mowed at a height of 1 to 2 inches every 5 to 7 days. Less frequent mowing at these recommended heights results in scalping and generally poor quality turf.
In shaded sites, zoysiagrass should be mowed slightly higher than recommended for lawns in full sun. Mowing frequency should not change for shaded sites even though the mowing height is slightly increased.
Zoysiagrass lawns tend to build up a thatch layer, a layer of undecomposed organic residues just above the soil surface. Proper mowing is essential to prevent the accumulation of thatch in zoysiagrass turf. Frequent mowing at recommended heights and clipping removal help prevent thatch accumulation. Avoiding excessive applications of nitrogen fertilizer also helps prevent thatch accumulation.
Occasionally, thatch removal by mechanical means is required to prevent serious deterioration of zoysiagrass turf. Vertical mowers or flail mowers may be used to remove excess thatch from zoysiagrass turf. Thatch removal should be done well before fall to allow ample time for regrowth. Scalping the lawn in early spring to remove accumulated growth will also help prevent thatch accumulation.
Zoysiagrasses are relatively free of serious pest problems. Brownpatch, rust and leaf spot diseases can cause problems in zoysiagrass turf, but the grass usually recovers when environmental conditions change. In intensively maintained lawns, fungicides may be needed to prevent these diseases. In the fall, applications of Banner, Daconil or Bayleton are required to prevent rust on zoysia lawns.
White grubs are the major insect attacking zoysiagrass turf. Monitoring the soil underlying the turf during summer and fall is the most effective way of preventing a grub problem. When populations of grubs exceed 4 to 5 per square foot of turf, treatment with insecticides is recommended.