Occupy Wall Street
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This article is about the protests in New York City. For the wider movement, see Occupy movement.
"American Spring" redirects here. For the 1970s band produced by Brian Wilson, see Spring (American band).
Occupy Wall Street
Part of the Occupy movement
Adbusters poster for the first protest, September 17, 2011
Date
September 17, 2011 ? ongoing
(10 months, 2 weeks and 3 days)
Location
New York City
40?42′33.79″N 74?0′40.76″W
Causes
Wealth inequality, Government Corruption[1] Corporate influence of government, inter alia.
Characteristics
Occupation
Non-violent protest
Civil disobedience
Picketing
Demonstrations
Internet activism
Status
Ongoing
Number
Zuccotti Park
Other activity in NYC:
2,000+ marchers
(march on police headquarters, October 2, 2011)[2]
700+ marchers arrested
(crossing Brooklyn Bridge, October 3, 2011)[3]
15,000+ marchers
(Lower Manhattan solidarity march, October 5, 2011)[4]
6,000+ marchers
(Times Square recruitment center march, October 15, 2011)[5]
50,000-100,000 marchers
(May Day march on Wall St.)[6]
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is an ongoing protest movement that began on September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district. The Canadian activist group Adbusters initiated the protest, which has led to Occupy protests and movements around the world. The main issues are social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the undue influence of corporations on government?particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS slogan, We are the 99%, addresses the growing income inequality and wealth distribution in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population. To achieve their goals, protesters act on consensus-based decision made in general assemblies which emphasize direct action over petitioning authorities for redress.[7][nb 1] Protesters were forced out of Zuccotti Park on November 15, 2011. While there have been unsuccessful attempts to re-occupy the original location, protesters have turned their focus on occupying banks, corporate headquarters, board meetings, college and university campuses, along with Wall Street itself.
Contents
[hide] 1 Origins 1.1 "We are the 99%"
2 Income inequality
3 Goals
4 Protester demographics
5 Participation and organization
6 Funding
7 Zuccotti Park encampment
8 Security, crime and legal issues 8.1 Brooklyn Bridge arrests
8.2 Court cases
9 Notable responses
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links
[edit] Origins
OWS was initiated by Kalle Lasn and Micah White of Adbusters, a Canadian anti-consumerist publication, who conceived of a September 17 occupation in lower Manhattan. Lasn registered the OccupyWallStreet.org web address on June 9.[8] That same month, Adbusters emailed its subscribers saying ?America needs its own Tahrir?. White said the reception of the idea "snowballed from there".[8][9] In a blog post on July 13 of 2011,[10] Adbusters proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, the lack of legal consequences for those who brought about the global crisis of monetary insolvency, and an increasing disparity in wealth.[9] The protest was promoted with an image featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull statue [11][12][13]
A group called New Yorkers Against Budget Cuts (NYAB), promoted a "sleep in" in lower Manhattan called "Bloombergville" that took place in July, preceding OWS and provided a number of activists to begin organising.[14] Formation of the New York General Assembly (NYGA) began on August 2 when the NYAB met in Bowling Green Park for the ?People?s General Assembly? to ?Oppose Cutbacks And Austerity Of Any Kind?. Activist, anarchist and anthropologist David Graeber and several of his associates attended the NYAB meeting, but grew frustrated when they discovered the event was not a "general assembly" that rules by consensus resulting from group discussions. Rather, the event was intended to be a precursor to marching on Wall Street with a corpus of predetermined demands such as "An end to oppression and war!" In response, Graeber and his small group created their own general assembly, which eventually drew all remaining attendees from the NYAB meeting and developed into the New York General Assembly. The group began holding weekly meetings to work out issues and the movement's direction, such as whether or not to have a set of demands, forming working groups and whether or not to have leaders.[8][15][16][nb 2] The internet group Anonymous created a video encouraging its supporters to take part in the protests.[17] The U.S. Day of Rage, a group that organized to protest "corporate influence [that] corrupts our political parties, our elections, and the institutions of government", also joined the movement.[18][19] The protest itself began on September 17; a Facebook page for the demonstrations began two days later on September 19 featuring a YouTube video of earlier events. By mid-October, Facebook listed 125 Occupy-related pages.[20]
The original location for the protest was One Chase Manhattan Plaza with Bowling Green Park, the site of the "Charging Bull", and Zuccotti Park as alternate choices. Police discovered this before the protest began and fenced off two locations but left Zucotti Park, the groups second choice, open. Since the park was private property police could not legally force protesters to leave without being requested to do so by the property owner.[21][22] At a press conference held the same day the protests began, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg explained, "people have a right to protest, and if they want to protest, we'll be happy to make sure they have locations to do it."[19]
Because of its connection to the financial system, lower Manhattan has seen many riots and protests since the 1800s,[23] and OWS has been compared to other historical protests in the United States. Writing for CNN, Sonia Katyal and Eduardo Pe?alver have said "A straight line runs from the 1930s sit-down strikes in Flint, Michigan, to the 1960 lunch-counter sit-ins to the occupation of Alcatraz by Native American activists in 1969 to Occupy Wall Street. Occupations employ physical possession to communicate intense dissent, exhibited by a willingness to break the law and to suffer the?occasionally violent?consequences."[24] Commentators have put OWS within the political tradition of other movements which made themselves known by occupation of public spaces, such as Coxey's Army in 1894, the Bonus Marchers in 1932, and the May Day protesters in 1971.[25][26]
More immediate prototypes for OWS include the British student protests of 2010, Greece's and Spain's anti-austerity protests of the "indignados" (indignants), as well as the Arab Spring protests.[27] These antecedents have in common with OWS a reliance on social media and electronic messaging to circumvent the authorities, as well as the feeling that financial institutions, corporations, and the political elite have been malfeasant in their behavior toward youth and the middle class.[27][28] Occupy Wall Street, in turn, gave rise to the Occupy movement in the United States and around the world.[29][30][31] David Graeber has argued that the Occupy movement, in its anti-hierarchical and anti-authoritarian consensus-based politics, its refusal to accept the legitimacy of the existing legal and political order, and its embrace of prefigurative politics, has roots in an anarchist political tradition.[32] Sociologist Dana Williams has likewise argued that "the most immediate inspiration for Occupy is anarchism", and the LA Times has identified the "controversial, anarchist-inspired organizational style" as one of the hallmarks of OWS.[33][34]