Iraqi no-fly zones<!-- /firstHeading --><!-- bodyContent -->
<!-- tagline -->From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<!-- /tagline --><!-- subtitle -->
<!-- /subtitle --><!-- jumpto -->Jump to:
navigation,
search
<!-- /jumpto --><!-- bodycontent --><TABLE style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-SPACING: 2px; WIDTH: 315px; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: right; FONT-SIZE: 90%" class="infobox vevent"><TBODY><TR><TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(176,196,222); FONT-SIZE: 110%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" class=summary colSpan=2>Iraqi No-Fly Zones</TH></TR><TR><TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(170,170,170) 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; FONT-SIZE: 90%" colSpan=2>
No-fly zone detail</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><TABLE style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><TBODY><TR><TH style="PADDING-RIGHT: 1em">Date</TH><TD>1991-2003</TD></TR><TR><TH style="PADDING-RIGHT: 1em">Location</TH><TD>Northern Iraq,
Southern Iraq</TD></TR><TR><TH style="PADDING-RIGHT: 1em">Result</TH><TD>Coalition victory</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(176,196,222); FONT-SIZE: 110%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" colSpan=2>Belligerents</TH></TR><TR><TD style="WIDTH: 50%; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(170,170,170) 1px dotted">
United States
United Kingdom
France
Australia
Belgium
Netherlands
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Italy
</TD><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.25em; WIDTH: 50%">
Iraq</TD></TR><TR><TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(176,196,222); FONT-SIZE: 110%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" colSpan=2>Commanders and leaders</TH></TR><TR><TD style="WIDTH: 50%; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(170,170,170) 1px dotted">
John Shalikashvili
T. Michael Moseley
</TD><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.25em; WIDTH: 50%">
Saddam Hussein</TD></TR><TR><TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(176,196,222); FONT-SIZE: 110%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" colSpan=2>Strength</TH></TR><TR><TD style="WIDTH: 50%; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(170,170,170) 1px dotted">6,000, Around 50 aircraft and 1,400 personnel at any one time</TD><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.25em; WIDTH: 50%">Various Iraqi air defense forces</TD></TR><TR><TH style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(176,196,222); FONT-SIZE: 110%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" colSpan=2>Casualties and losses</TH></TR><TR><TD style="WIDTH: 50%; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(170,170,170) 1px dotted">2
UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters shot down (friendly fire, 26 killed)
19 USAF servicemen deployed as part of the operation were killed in the
Khobar Towers Bombing
1
RQ-1 Predator unmanned aircraft shot down</TD><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0.25em; WIDTH: 50%">Unknown Many air defense systems Destroyed
1
MiG-25 Foxbat shot down
1
MiG-23 Flogger Shot down
2
Su-22 Fitters shot down</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE style="MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.5em 1em; BORDER-SPACING: 0; WIDTH: 315px; FLOAT: right; CLEAR: right" class=navbox cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 2px"><TABLE style="BORDER-SPACING: 0; COLOR: " id=collapsibleTable0 class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TH style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(176,196,222)" class=navbox-title colSpan=2 scope=col>[
hide]
Iraqi no-fly zones conflict
</TH></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" colSpan=2>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>The
Iraqi no-fly zones were a set of two separate
no-fly zones (NFZs), and were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom and France after the
Gulf War of 1991 to protect the
Kurds in northern
Iraq and
Shiite Muslims in the south. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. The policy was enforced by U.S., UK, and French aircraft patrols until France withdrew in 1998. While the enforcing powers had cited
United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 as authorizing the operations, the resolution contains no explicit authorization. The Secretary-General of the UN at the time the resolution was passed,
Boutros Boutros-Ghali called the no-fly zones "illegal" in a later interview with
John Pilger.<SUP id=cite_ref-0 class=reference>
[1]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-1 class=reference>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones#cite_note-1</SUP>