this is a poll, not a debate, my good friends ... joy to all 
i am posting this info bc it was requested ... I am not going to dispute what others have to say. Just curious who actually believes we have or haven't put men on the moon.
hug a tree and be good to old people
peace
gregg
Star light, star dark!
If one were to add up all the astronauts? stated observations of the appearance of space above the atmosphere one would come to the conclusion that they were either crazy, incompetent or they never went, or, perhaps some of them were lying???
Alan Sheppard, first American to be catapulted up reported seeing no stars, ditto for Virgil Grissom.
John Glenn reported seeing some brighter stars only (and he saw those weird ?fireflies?).
To quote some astronauts on the subject:
Neil Armstrong: ?The sky is black, you know,? ?It?s a very dark sky.?
Mike Collins on Gemini 10:: ?My God, the stars are everywhere: above me on all sides, even below me somewhat, down there next to that obscure horizon. The stars are bright and they are steady.? This was written 14 years after, and remember that the Gemini 10 space walk photo shown here has now been proven fake.
Mike Collins on Apollo 11: ?I can?t see the earth, only the black starless sky behind the Agena,... As I slowly cartwheel away from the Agena, I see nothing but the black sky for several seconds...? ?What I see is disappointing for only the brightest stars are visible through the telescope, and it is difficult to recognize them when they are not accompanied by the dimmer stars...?
Gene Cernan on Apollo 17: ?When the sunlight comes through the blackness of space, it?s black. I didn?t say it?s dark, I said black. So black you can?t even conceive how black it is in your mind. The sunlight doesn?t strike on anything, so all you see is black.?
Yuri Gagarin, first Russian cosmonaut: ?Astonishingly bright cold stars could be seen through the windows.?
Space Radiation
Van Allen radiation belts and solar flares create deadly radiation in space. NASA spacecraft were not shielded against this. Apollos 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 flew during the peak of solar cycle 20, with large flares occurring during the flights. All those astronauts would have received many hundreds or thousands of times the LIFETIME radiation limits for nuclear energy workers. A Supersonic Transport (SST) must drop altitude when it gets a dosage of 10 millirems, at 100 millirems it must alter its flight plan. 170 millirems is dangerous and almost guarantees cancer in the future. During Apollo 14 & 16 the solar flares would have given the astronauts approximately 75,000 rem (not millirems!).
In an article in National Geographic, Chernobyl?One Year Later it says: ?In general, 5 rem is considered acceptable for a nuclear-plant employee in a year, with 25 rem (the total countenanced for Chernobyl cleanup workers) an allowable once-in-a-lifetime dose.? The walls of the spacecraft were ?paper thin? and the fabric suits had no radiation shielding built in, anyway only very thick lead or a large measure of water (approximately 6 feet of shielding mass) will reduce the radiation of solar flares to anywhere close to safe levels.
How did NASA protect the astronauts against this deadly radiation? The words ?Space Radiation? appear extremely rarely, if at all, in books about manned space flights. Russian scientists told astronomer Bernard Lovell that they know of no way to shield from radiation outside the Van Allen radiation belts.
Acute Radiation Sickness
Acute radiation sickness is usually associated with radiation doses greater than 1 Sv (100 rems) occurring within 24 hours. Depending on the dose, nausea and vomiting can start within a few hours to a day (the higher the dose the greater the probability of these effects). Fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and minor hemorrhage may also occur. The other major source of concern with acute radiation sickness is bone marrow suppression. With acute doses > 3 Sv (300 rem), bone marrow suppression is nearly total and the likelihood of death increases dramatically (Table 1).
Table 1. Expected Short-term Effects in Humans From Acute Whole-Body Radiation
Dose (rem)* Probable Physiologic Effects
10-50 No obvious effects, except minor blood changes
50-100 5% to 10% experience nausea and vomiting for about 1 day; fatigue, but no serious disability; transient reduction in lymphocytes and neutrophils; no deaths anticipated
100-200 25% to 50% experience nausea and vomiting for about 1 day, followed by other symptoms of radiation sickness; 50% reduction in lymphocytes and neutrophils; no deaths anticipated
200-350 Most experience nausea and vomiting on the first day, followed by other symptoms of radiation sickness, eg, loss of appetite, diarrhea, minor hemorrhage; up to 75% reduction in all circulating blood elements; mortality rates 5% to 50% of those exposed
350-550 Nearly all experience nausea and vomiting on the first day, followed by other symptoms of radiation sickness, eg, fever, hemorrhage, diarrhea, emaciation; mortality rates of 50% to 90% within 6 weeks; survivors convalesce for about 6 months
550-750 All experience nausea and vomiting within 4 hours, followed by severe symptoms of radiation sickness; death up to 100%
750-1000 Severe nausea and vomiting may continue into the third day; survival time reduced to less than 2.5 weeks
1000-2000 Nausea and vomiting within 1-2 hours; always fatal within 2 weeks
4500 Incapacitation within hours, always fatal within 1 week
*100 rem = 1 Sv
Late Deterministic Effects
Late deterministic effects from radiation exposure include temporary sterility. In addition, an increased risk for cataract formation has been suggested for those astronauts receiving higher radiation doses than their counterparts.[6]
i am posting this info bc it was requested ... I am not going to dispute what others have to say. Just curious who actually believes we have or haven't put men on the moon.
hug a tree and be good to old people
peace
gregg
Star light, star dark!
If one were to add up all the astronauts? stated observations of the appearance of space above the atmosphere one would come to the conclusion that they were either crazy, incompetent or they never went, or, perhaps some of them were lying???
Alan Sheppard, first American to be catapulted up reported seeing no stars, ditto for Virgil Grissom.
John Glenn reported seeing some brighter stars only (and he saw those weird ?fireflies?).
To quote some astronauts on the subject:
Neil Armstrong: ?The sky is black, you know,? ?It?s a very dark sky.?
Mike Collins on Gemini 10:: ?My God, the stars are everywhere: above me on all sides, even below me somewhat, down there next to that obscure horizon. The stars are bright and they are steady.? This was written 14 years after, and remember that the Gemini 10 space walk photo shown here has now been proven fake.
Mike Collins on Apollo 11: ?I can?t see the earth, only the black starless sky behind the Agena,... As I slowly cartwheel away from the Agena, I see nothing but the black sky for several seconds...? ?What I see is disappointing for only the brightest stars are visible through the telescope, and it is difficult to recognize them when they are not accompanied by the dimmer stars...?
Gene Cernan on Apollo 17: ?When the sunlight comes through the blackness of space, it?s black. I didn?t say it?s dark, I said black. So black you can?t even conceive how black it is in your mind. The sunlight doesn?t strike on anything, so all you see is black.?
Yuri Gagarin, first Russian cosmonaut: ?Astonishingly bright cold stars could be seen through the windows.?
Space Radiation
Van Allen radiation belts and solar flares create deadly radiation in space. NASA spacecraft were not shielded against this. Apollos 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 flew during the peak of solar cycle 20, with large flares occurring during the flights. All those astronauts would have received many hundreds or thousands of times the LIFETIME radiation limits for nuclear energy workers. A Supersonic Transport (SST) must drop altitude when it gets a dosage of 10 millirems, at 100 millirems it must alter its flight plan. 170 millirems is dangerous and almost guarantees cancer in the future. During Apollo 14 & 16 the solar flares would have given the astronauts approximately 75,000 rem (not millirems!).
In an article in National Geographic, Chernobyl?One Year Later it says: ?In general, 5 rem is considered acceptable for a nuclear-plant employee in a year, with 25 rem (the total countenanced for Chernobyl cleanup workers) an allowable once-in-a-lifetime dose.? The walls of the spacecraft were ?paper thin? and the fabric suits had no radiation shielding built in, anyway only very thick lead or a large measure of water (approximately 6 feet of shielding mass) will reduce the radiation of solar flares to anywhere close to safe levels.
How did NASA protect the astronauts against this deadly radiation? The words ?Space Radiation? appear extremely rarely, if at all, in books about manned space flights. Russian scientists told astronomer Bernard Lovell that they know of no way to shield from radiation outside the Van Allen radiation belts.
Acute Radiation Sickness
Acute radiation sickness is usually associated with radiation doses greater than 1 Sv (100 rems) occurring within 24 hours. Depending on the dose, nausea and vomiting can start within a few hours to a day (the higher the dose the greater the probability of these effects). Fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and minor hemorrhage may also occur. The other major source of concern with acute radiation sickness is bone marrow suppression. With acute doses > 3 Sv (300 rem), bone marrow suppression is nearly total and the likelihood of death increases dramatically (Table 1).
Table 1. Expected Short-term Effects in Humans From Acute Whole-Body Radiation
Dose (rem)* Probable Physiologic Effects
10-50 No obvious effects, except minor blood changes
50-100 5% to 10% experience nausea and vomiting for about 1 day; fatigue, but no serious disability; transient reduction in lymphocytes and neutrophils; no deaths anticipated
100-200 25% to 50% experience nausea and vomiting for about 1 day, followed by other symptoms of radiation sickness; 50% reduction in lymphocytes and neutrophils; no deaths anticipated
200-350 Most experience nausea and vomiting on the first day, followed by other symptoms of radiation sickness, eg, loss of appetite, diarrhea, minor hemorrhage; up to 75% reduction in all circulating blood elements; mortality rates 5% to 50% of those exposed
350-550 Nearly all experience nausea and vomiting on the first day, followed by other symptoms of radiation sickness, eg, fever, hemorrhage, diarrhea, emaciation; mortality rates of 50% to 90% within 6 weeks; survivors convalesce for about 6 months
550-750 All experience nausea and vomiting within 4 hours, followed by severe symptoms of radiation sickness; death up to 100%
750-1000 Severe nausea and vomiting may continue into the third day; survival time reduced to less than 2.5 weeks
1000-2000 Nausea and vomiting within 1-2 hours; always fatal within 2 weeks
4500 Incapacitation within hours, always fatal within 1 week
*100 rem = 1 Sv
Late Deterministic Effects
Late deterministic effects from radiation exposure include temporary sterility. In addition, an increased risk for cataract formation has been suggested for those astronauts receiving higher radiation doses than their counterparts.[6]
